Д«eginning in 1986, the index value was updated every 15 seconds, or 1,559 times per trading day, with price updates disseminated by Reuters. On July 1, 1983, Chicago Board Options Exchange began trading options based on the index. On April 21, 1982, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange began trading futures based on the index. On August 31, 1976, The Vanguard Group offered the first mutual fund to retail investors that tracked the index. In 1962, Ultronic Systems became the compiler of the S&P indices including the S&P 500 Stock Composite Index, the 425 Stock Industrial Index, the 50 Stock Utility Index, and the 25 Stock Rail Index. On Monday, March 4, 1957, the index was expanded to its current 500 companies and was renamed the S&P 500 Stock Composite Index. In 1941, Poor's Publishing merged with Standard Statistics Company to form Standard & Poor's. In 1926, it developed a 90-stock index, computed daily. In 1923, Standard Statistics Company (founded in 1906 as the Standard Statistics Bureau) began rating mortgage bonds and developed its first stock market index consisting of the stocks of 233 U.S. In 1860, Henry Varnum Poor formed Poor's Publishing, which published an investor's guide to the railroad industry. The Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) offers options on the S&P 500 index as well as on S&P 500 index ETFs, inverse ETFs, and leveraged ETFs. 1/50 the size of the full-sized (SP) contract /MES for the Micro E-mini futures contract that is one tenth the size of the S&P E-mini contract, i.e./ES for the E-mini S&P contract that is one fifth the size of /SP.In the derivatives market, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) offers futures contracts that track the index and trade on the exchange floor in an open outcry auction, or on CME's Globex platform, and are the exchange's most popular product. Дirexion offers leveraged ETFs that attempt to produce three times the daily result of either investing in ( NYSEВ Arca: SPXL) or shorting ( NYSEВ Arca: SPXS) the S&P 500 index. Rowe Price, and Charles Schwab Corporation. Mutual funds that track the index are offered by Fidelity Investments, T. ETFs that replicate the performance of the index are issued by The Vanguard Group ( NYSEВ Arca: VOO), iShares ( NYSEВ Arca: IVV), and State Street Corporation ( NYSEВ Arca: SPY), and the most liquid based on average daily volume is currently ( NYSEВ Arca: SPY), although SPY has a slightly higher expense ratio of 0.09% compared to just 0.03% for VOO and IVV. Index funds, including mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), can replicate, before fees and expenses, the performance of the index by holding the same stocks as the index in the same proportions. Investing in the S&P 500 Mutual and exchange-traded funds The S&P 500 is maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices, a joint venture majority-owned by S&P Global, and its components are selected by a committee. The index is associated with many ticker symbols, including ^GSPC, INX, and $SPX, depending on market or website. The index is one of the factors in computation of the Conference Board Leading Economic Index, used to forecast the direction of the economy. In 2017, companies in the index derived on average 72% of their revenue in the United States. The components that have increased their dividends in 25 consecutive years are known as the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats. As of September 30, 2021, the nine largest companies on the list of S&P 500 companies accounted for 28.1% of the market capitalization of the index and were, in order of weighting, Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet (including both class A & C shares),, Facebook, Tesla, Nvidia, Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan Chase. The S&P 500 index is a free-float weighted/ capitalization-weighted index. As of December 31, 2020, more than $5.4 trillion was invested in assets tied to the performance of the index. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices. The Standard and Poor's 500, or simply the S&P 500, is a stock market index tracking the performance of 500 large companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. Logarithmic graphs of S&P 500 index with and without inflation and with best fit lines

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